Análise da utilização de inibidores de bomba de prótons em pacientes internados em um hospital universitário do interior de São Paulo / Analysis of the use of proton pump inhibitors in patients admitted to a university hospital in interior of São Paulo

Introdução: A crença de que o uso de Inibidores de Bomba de Prótons (IBPs) apresenta baixo risco de toxicidade, resultou em um aumento significativo na sua prescrição em nível mundial, esse fator juntamente com a baixa divulgação de orientações, têm contribuído para o aumento das indicações desnecessárias de inibidores de bomba de prótons em nível hospitalar, principalmente para profilaxia. Objetivo: Analisar a utilização dos inibidores de bomba de prótons em pacientes internados nas enfermarias de clínica médica de um Hospital Universitário, visando avaliar suas indicações, tempo de uso, efeitos adversos e impacto financeiro gerado pelo uso inadequado. Métodos: Foram analisados prontuários de pacientes que estiveram internados nas enfermarias de clínica médica do Hospital Municipal Universitário de Taubaté (HMUT) durante os meses de maio a julho de 2020. As indicações adequadas do uso de inibidores de bomba de prótons foram baseadas em diretrizes internacionais do American Journal of Gastroenterology e do American Society of Health-System Pharmacy. Resultados: Identificamos que 297 pacientes (79,6%) usaram inibidores de bomba de prótons em algum momento da internação. O uso desse medicamento foi adequadamente prescrito em 49,8% dos casos. Foi encontrado maior prevalência de pneumonia e diarreia nos pacientes que fizeram uso de inibidores de bomba de prótons a longo prazo. O custo anual associado as prescrições indevidas foram de R$24.736,40. Conclusão: Observamos alta prevalência de indicações incorretas dos inibidores de bomba de prótons em ambiente hospitalar, ocasionando gasto desnecessário e possíveis complicações. Faz-se necessário, portanto, elaboração de novos protocolos e maior rigidez nas indicações desses medicamentos no Hospital Municipal Universitário de Taubaté.

Introduction: The belief that the use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) presents a low risk of toxicity, resulted in a significant increase in its prescription worldwide, this factor combined with the low disclosure of guidelines, have contributed to the increase in unnecessary indications of at the hospital level, especially for prophylaxis. Objective: To analyze the use of proton pump inhibitors in patients hospitalized in the medical clinic wards of a University Hospital, in order to evaluate their indications, time of use, adverse effects and financial impact generated by inadequate use. Methods: Medical records of patients who were admitted at the Municipal University Hospital of Taubaté during the months of May to July 2020 were analyzed. The appropriate indications for the use of proton pump inhibitors were based on the international guidelines of the American Journal of Gastroenterology and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacy. Results: We identified that 297 patients (79.6%) used proton pump inhibitors at some point in hospitalization. The use of this drug was adequately prescribed in 49.8% of the cases. A higher prevalence of pneumonia and diarrhea was found in patients who used proton pump inhibitors in the long term. The annual cost associated with undue prescriptions was R$24,736.40. Conclusion: We observed a high prevalence of incorrect indications of proton pump inhibitors s in the hospital environment, causing unnecessary expenses and possible complications. It is necessary, therefore, the elaboration of new protocols and greater rigidity in the indications of these drugs at the Municipal University Hospital of Taubaté.

Massive Duodenal Bleeding after the Migration of Endovascular Coils into the Small Bowel

Among gastrointestinal emergencies, acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains a challenging clinical problem owing to significant patient morbidity and costs involved in management. Endoscopic hemostatic therapy is the mainstay of treatment and decreases the incidence of re-bleeding, the need for surgery, morbidity, and mortality. However, in 8%–15% of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, endoscopic hemostatic therapy does not successfully control bleeding. Trans-arterial coil embolization is an effective alternative treatment for endoscopic hemostatic failure; however, this procedure can induce adverse outcomes, such as non-target vessel occlusion, vessel dissection and perforation, and coil migration. Coil migration is rare but causes severe complications, such as re-bleeding and bowel ischemia. However, in most cases, coil migration is local and involves spontaneous healing without serious complications. Here, we report the case of a patient who underwent trans-arterial coil embolization of the gastroduodenal artery with the purpose of controlling massive duodenal bleeding, resulting in a fatal outcome caused by coil migration.

Bacteremia por Vibrio cholerae NO-O1/NO-O139 en un paciente cirrótico: Primer reporte de caso en el Perú y revisión de la literatura / Vibrio cholerae NO-O1/NO-O139 bacteremia in a cirrhotic patient: First case report in Peru and literatura review

Vibrio cholerae serogrupo NO-O1/NO-O139 (VCNO) es causa infrecuente de gastroenteritis. Sin embargo, se le asocia a infección extra-intestinal severa en huéspedes inmunocomprometidos, y entre ellas, la bacteremia en pacientes con cirrosis hepática es digna de mención. A continuación, presentamos el caso de una mujer de 58 años, con el diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática de fondo, que desarrolló progresivamente choque séptico, disfunción orgánica múltiple y desenlace fatal al cuarto día de su admisión. Los resultados obtenidos post mortem, de los hemocultivos previamente tomados, aislaron bacilos gram negativos compatibles con Vibrio cholerae. Posteriormente, se identificó el serogrupo NO-O1/NO-O139, a través de aglutinación en placa y PCR negativo para el gen ctxA. El antibiograma mostró susceptibilidad conservada a ampicilina, cloranfenicol, tetraciclina y ciprofloxacino, con resistencia al trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol. El presente caso, descrito en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, es hasta la fecha, el primer reporte de bacteremia VCNO en el Perú.

Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) strains are an uncommon cause of gastroenteritis. However, they have been recently associated with severe extraintestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts. Among them, bacteremia in cirrhotic patients is noteworthy. We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with cirrhosis that developed septic shock, multiple organ failure and died four days after admission. Blood cultures yielded Gram-negative rods identified as Vibrio cholerae. Further serogrouping by slide agglutination and a negative PCR for ctxA gen confirmed the strain to be NOVC. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report in Peru, described in the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, of NOVC bacteremia.

Manejo del paciente portador de sangrado digestivo alto en el servicio de urgencias / Upper digestive bleeding patient management in the emergency department

Introducción: el sangrado digestivo alto constituye uno de los síndromes más frecuentes en servicios de urgencias. La endoscopia oral y los medicamentos antiácidos y protectores de la mucosa gástrica, hacen menos frecuente el empleo de intervenciones quirúrgicas en el manejo del paciente con sangrado digestivo alto. La necesidad del tratamiento quirúrgico no siempre puede obviarse. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas de los pacientes con sangrado digestivo alto atendidos en el Hospital Militar Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal. Universo constituido por 92 pacientes con diagnóstico de sangrado digestivo alto. Variables caracterizadas: edad, sexo, tratamiento médico empleado, técnica quirúrgica utilizada, complicaciones posquirúrgicas y estadía hospitalaria. Resultados: el sangrado digestivo alto fue más frecuente en hombres, con más de 40 años de edad, se les aplicó tratamiento médico, la modalidad más frecuente fue la combinación de antiácidos. Se realizó tratamiento endoscópico al 3,2 por ciento de los pacientes, fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente el 5,4 por ciento. La mitad de los operados padecía úlcera péptica gástrica. La técnica quirúrgica más empleada fue la gastrostomía y gastrorrafia. La estadía hospitalaria fue menor de 5 días. Conclusiones: se evidenció predominio del sangrado digestivo alto en el sexo masculino y en mayores de 40 años. El tratamiento endoscópico y las intervenciones quirúrgicas representaron un bajo porcentaje. La estadía hospitalaria fue más prolongada en pacientes con complicaciones. Los hallazgos en los que más difieren otras investigaciones radican en el incremento del empleo de la endoscopia oral, en combinación con el uso de antisecretores y en las variantes de técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas(AU)

Introduction: upper Digestive Bleeding is one of the most frequent syndromes in emergency services. Oral endoscopy, antacid and protective gastric mucosal medications make the use of surgical interventions less common in the management of upper digestive bleeding patients. However, the need for surgical treatment cannot always be overlooked. Objective: to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with upper digestive bleeding treated at the Military Hospital Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study. A universe of 92 patients with a diagnosis of upper digestive bleeding. Variables characterized: Age, sex, medical treatment, surgical technique used, postoperative complications, and hospital stay. Results: upper digestive bleeding was more frequent in men and in patients over 40 years old. In patients in whom medical treatment was applied, the most frequent modality was the combination of anti-H2 antihistamines and proton pump inhibitors. Endoscopic treatment was performed in 3.2 percent of patients, and 5.4 pèrcent was operated on. Half of the patients underwent gastric peptic ulcer, and the most commonly used surgical technique was gastrostomy. The predominant hospital stay was less than 5 days(AU)

Endoscopic Hemostatic Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Bleeding

Peptic ulcer bleeding is a common complication of peptic ulcer disease and the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite advances in drug usage and endoscopic modalities, no significant improvement is observed in the mortality rate of bleeding ulcers. The purpose of this review is to discuss various endoscopic hemostatic methods to treat peptic ulcer bleeding. Endoscopic hemostatic techniques can be classified into injection, mechanical, electrocoagulation, hemostatic powder, and endoscopic Doppler-guided hemostatic therapies (the last mentioned being a newly developed technique). Endoscopic hemostasis can be performed as mono or combination therapy using the aforementioned methods. Endoscopic hemostasis is the most important treatment for patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. Endoscopists should consider the treatment approach for peptic ulcer bleeding based on patient characteristics, the size and shape of the lesion, the endoscopist's expertise, and the resources and circumstances at each hospital. Follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of newly developed hemostatic powder therapy and endoscopic Doppler-guided hemostasis.

Factors Associated with Rebleeding in Patients with Peptic Ulcer Bleeding: Analysis of the Korean Peptic Ulcer Bleeding (K-PUB) Study

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Rebleeding is associated with mortality in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB), and risk stratification is important for the management of these patients. The purpose of our study was to examine the risk factors associated with rebleeding in patients with PUB. METHODS: The Korean Peptic Ulcer Bleeding registry is a large prospectively collected database of patients with PUB who were hospitalized between 2014 and 2015 at 28 medical centers in Korea. We examined the basic characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients in this registry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with rebleeding. RESULTS: In total, 904 patients with PUB were registered, and 897 patients were analyzed. Rebleeding occurred in 7.1% of the patients (64), and the 30-day mortality was 1.0% (nine patients). According to the multivariate analysis, the risk factors for rebleeding were the presence of co-morbidities, use of multiple drugs, albumin levels, and hematemesis/hematochezia as initial presentations. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of co-morbidities, use of multiple drugs, albumin levels, and initial presentations with hematemesis/hematochezia can be indicators of rebleeding in patients with PUB. The wide use of proton pump inhibitors and prompt endoscopic interventions may explain the low incidence of rebleeding and low mortality rates in Korea.

Clinical epidemiological characteristics and change trend of upper gastrointestinal bleeding over the past 15 years / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical epidemiology change trend of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) over the past 15 years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Consecutive patients who was diagnosed as continuous UGIB in the endoscopy center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat University during the period from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 1998 and the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013 were enrolled in this study. Their gender, age, etiology, ulcer classification, endoscopic treatment and hospitalization mortality were compared between two periods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In periods from 1997 to 1998 and 2012 to 2013, the detection rate of UGIB was 9.99%(928/9 287) and 4.49%(1 092/24 318)(χ=360.089, P=0.000); the percentage of male patients was 73.28%(680/928) and 72.44% (791/1 092) (χ=0.179, P=0.672), and the onset age was (47.3±16.4) years and (51.4±18.2) years (t=9.214, P=0.002) respectively. From 1997 to 1998, the first etiology of UGIB was peptic ulcer bleeding, accounting for 65.2%(605/928)[duodenal ulcer 47.8%(444/928), gastric ulcer 8.3%(77/928), stomal ulcer 2.3%(21/928), compound ulcer 6.8%(63/928)],the second was cancer bleeding(7.0%,65/928), and the third was esophageal and gastric varices bleeding (6.4%,59/928). From 2012 to 2013, peptic ulcer still was the first cause of UGIB, but the ratio obviously decreased to 52.7%(575/1092)(χ=32.467, P=0.000)[duodenal ulcer 31.9%(348/1092), gastric ulcer 9.4%(103/1092), stomal ulcer 2.8%(30/1092), compound ulcer 8.6%(94/1092)]. The decreased ratio of duodenal ulcer bleeding was the main reason (χ=53.724, P=0.000). Esophageal and gastric varices bleeding became the second cause (15.1%,165/1 092, χ=38.976, P=0.000), and cancer was the third cause (9.2%,101/1 092, χ=3.352, P=0.067). The largest increasing amplitude of the onset age was peptic ulcer bleeding [(46.2±16.7) years vs. (51.9±18.9) years, t=-5.548, P=0.000), and the greatest contribution to the amplitude was duodenal ulcer bleeding [(43.4±15.9) years vs. (48.4±19.4) years, t=-3.935, P=0.000], while the onset age of esophageal and gastric varices bleeding [(49.8±14.1) years vs. (48.8±13.9) years, t=0.458, P=0.648] and cancer [(58.4±13.4) years vs. (58.9±16.7) years, t=-0.196, P=0.845] did not change significantly. Compared with the period from 1997 to 1998, the detection rate of high risk peptic ulcer rebleeding (Forrest stage I(a, I(b, II(a and II(b) increased (χ=39.958, P=0.000) in the period from 2012 to 2013. From 1997 to 1998, 54 patients underwent endoscopic treatment, and the achievement ratio of hemostasis was 79.6% (43/54). From 2012 to 2013, 261 patients underwent endoscopic treatment and the achievement ratio of hemostasis was 96.9%(253/261), which was significantly higher (χ=23.287, P=0.000). Compared to the period from 1997 to 1998, more patients with variceal bleeding or non-variceal bleeding received endoscopic treatment in time (39.0% vs. 70.3%, χ=51.930, P=0.000; 3.6% vs. 15.6%, χ=62.292, P=0.000, respectively), and higher ratio of patients staging Forrest stage I(a to II(b also received endoscopic treatment in the period from 2012 to 2013 [27.4%(26/95) vs. 68.5%(111/162), χ=40.739, P=0.000]. More qualified endoscopic hemostatic techniques were used, containing thermocoagulation (0 vs. 15.2%, χ=79.518, P=0.000), hemostatic clip (0 vs. 55.9%, χ=20.879, P=0.000), hemostatic clip combined with thermocoagulation (4.3% vs. 16.4%, χ=5.154, P=0.023), while less single injection was used (87.1% vs. 6.2%, χ=10.420, P=0.001), and single spraying for hemostasis was completely abandoned in the period from 2012 to 2013. The ratio of inpatients undergoing reoperation decreased obviously in the period from 2012 to 2013 [9.3%(86/928) vs. 6.0%(65/1092), χ=7.970, P=0.005], while no significant difference was found in mortality during hospitalization between two periods.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with the period from 1997 to1998, the mean onset age of UGIB increased, and the ratio of peptic ulcer bleeding decreased due to the reduction of duodenal ulcer bleeding, the detection rate of high risk peptic ulcer rebleeding increased, the cure rate of endoscopic treatment for UGIB increased, more reasonable and immediate hemostatic methods were used, but overall mortality did not change obviously in the period from 2012 to 2013.</p>

Hemorragia digestiva por úlcera duodenal pós-bypass gástrico em estômago excluso: abordagem endoscópica transgástrica por laparoscopia / Gastrointestinal bleeding by duodenal ulcer after gastric bypass in excluded stomach: endoscopic transgastric approach by laparoscopy

O Bypass Gástrico é uma das cirurgias bariátricas mais realizadas no Brasil e no mundo. Com o aumento exponencial da utilização desta técnica cirúrgica, complicações a longo prazo podem ocorrer. Nesse contexto, é necessário um bom conhecimento pós-operatório, principalmente em relação à fisiopatologia gastrointestinal destes pacientes. Uma complicação rara, porém, extremamente grave, é a úlcera duodenal sangrante. Uma razão para isto é o difícil acesso ao estômago excluso e ao duodeno através da endoscopia digestiva alta. Este relato demonstra uma úlcera duodenal sangrante em paciente pós-operatório de bypass gástrico laparoscópico.

Gastric bypass in Roux-Y is the most common bariatric surgery in Brazil and the world. With the exponential increase of this surgical technique, complications can occur. In this context, is required a great knowledge postoperatively, especially in relation to gastrointestinal pathophysiology of these patients. A rare complication, however, extremely severe, is a duodenal ulcer bleeding. One account for this is the difficult to access excluded stomach and the duodenum through the endoscopy. This case report shows a duodenal ulcer bleeding in a patient postoperative laparoscopic gastric bypass.

Recent Developments in the Endoscopic Treatment of Patients with Peptic Ulcer Bleeding

Peptic ulcer bleeding is an internal medical emergency. Endoscopic hemostasis has been shown to improve the survival rate of patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. Although the established hemostatic modalities, including injection, thermal therapy, and mechanical therapy, are effective in controlling peptic ulcer bleeding, hemostasis can be difficult to achieve in some cases. As a result, recent, new endoscopic hemostatic modalities, including over-the-scope clips, topical hemostatic sprays, and endoscopic ultrasonography-guided angiotherapy, have been developed.

Optimal Operational Definition of Patient with Peptic Ulcer Bleeding for Big Data Analysis Using Combination of Clinical Characteristics in a Secondary General Hospital / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Korea but there has been no research done using big data. This study evaluates the optimal operational definition (OD) for big data research by analyzing clinical characteristics of PUB. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical characteristics of 92 patients with PUB confirmed on endoscopy in Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital (January 2013 to December 2014). We calculated sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) to detect confirmed PUB patients using ODs developed by combining clinical features of patients with PUB. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 63 years. Men had higher prevalence of PUB than women. Bleeding gastric ulcer was proportionately common in the age range of 40s to 60s in men, while a significantly higher rate of bleeding occurred in women older than 70s. The rate of drug-induced ulcer was 28.2%, whereas the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 47.8%. Among the hospitalized patients with diagnostic code of PUB, we ruled out patients with endoscopic removal of gastric adenoma or peritonitis, and selected patients who had been administered intravenous proton pump inhibitor. The sensitivity in this setting was 82.6%, and PPV was 88.4%. CONCLUSIONS: PUB was more common in older patients, and there was a clear gender difference in gastric ulcer bleeding by age. With a proper OD using PUB diagnostic codes, we can identify true patients with sufficiently high sensitivity and PPV.

Endoscopia en la atención a pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta no varicosa / Endoscopy in patient care suffering from non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

INTRODUCCIÓN: el procedimiento más preciso para el diagnóstico etiológico de la hemorragia cuyo origen se atribuye al tracto gastrointestinal es la endoscopia digestiva. OBJETIVO: mostrar la experiencia de un grupo de trabajo en la realización de la endoscopia de urgencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta no varicosa. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, que incluyó 314 pacientes que presentaron episodio agudo de hemorragia digestiva alta no varicosa entre el 1ro. de septiembre de 2011 y el 31 de diciembre de 2013, los cuales fueron atendidos en la Unidad de Endoscopia del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto". Se analizaron las variables demográficas así como otras relacionadas con el tiempo de realización de la endoscopia, diagnóstico y tratamiento endoscópico. RESULTADOS: hubo un predominio del sexo masculino (63,7 %); la edad promedio fue de 61,6 ± 17,8 años. La endoscopia urgente se realizó en las primeras 24 h (media: 22.5). La úlcera péptica fue la lesión que más se encontró (44,9 %), predominó la localización duodenal (96 casos, 30,5 %). Según la clasificación de Forrest los grupos más frecuentes resultaron el III y el IIc (30 % de casos cada uno) y el Ib (14 %). Recibieron terapéutica endoscópica 77 casos (24,5 %), con recidiva en 23 (7,3 %). Necesitaron cirugía 11 enfermos (3,5 %). La mortalidad fue de 2,2 %. CONCLUSIONES: la realización temprana de la endoscopia logró el control inicial de la hemorragia en todos los casos tratados, con lo que se redujo la necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico, la recidiva y la mortalidad.

INTRODUCTION: endoscopy is the most accurate procedure for bleeding etiologic diagnosis whose origin is attributed to the gastrointestinal tract. OBJECTIVE: share the experience of a working group in performing urgent endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. METHODS: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013, in 314 patients who had acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding episodes. They were treated at the endoscopy unit of the Central Military Hospital. Demographic variables were analyzed as well as others related to endoscopy time of completion, endoscopic diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: there was a predominance of males (63.7 %); the average age was 61.6 ± 17.8 years. Urgent endoscopy was performed within 24 h (mean: 22.5). Peptic ulcer was the most frequently lesion (44.9 %) found. duodenal localization was most frequent (96 cases, 30.5 %). According to Forrest classification, the most common groups were III and IIc (30 % of cases each) and Ib (14 %). 77 cases underwent endoscopic therapy (24.5 %), 23 (7.3 %) had recurrence. The mortality was 2.2 %. CONCLUSIONS: the early realization of endoscopy achieved initial control of bleeding in all cases treated, so the need for surgical treatment, recurrence and mortality is reduced.

Algunas especificidades sobre la mortalidad asociada a la hemorragia por enfermedad ulcerosa péptica gastroduodenal / Some specificities on mortality associated with hemorrhage due to gastroduodenal peptic ulcerous disease

En la actualidad constituye un verdadero problema científico la diversidad de criterios sobre las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y quirúrgicas de la hemorragia digestiva alta no varicosa, debido a sus altas tasas de letalidad y mortalidad, por cuanto resulta de gran importancia identificar los factores pronósticos de complicaciones y decesos, inherentes a esta entidad clínica, a fin de elaborar un protocolo de actuación y buenas prácticas, una vez reconocidas las condiciones modificables que disminuyan el número de fallecimientos por esta causa, sobre todo en la población envejecida como grupo vulnerable, de donde se derivaría la trascendencia de su impacto médico social. Todo ello justifica la necesidad de profundizar en los principales aspectos cognoscitivos relacionados con este tema, puesto que solo contando con equipos de trabajo altamente especializados, podrá elevarse la calidad asistencial y, con esa premisa, el índice de supervivencia de quienes presenten ese tipo de sangrado por enfermedad ácido péptica.

At present the diversity of criteria on the epidemiological, clinical and surgical characteristics of the high digestive hemorrhage non varicose constitutes a true scientific problem, due to their high lethality and mortality rates, so that it is of great importance to identify the complications prognosis factors and death, inherent to this clinical entity, in order to elaborate a performance protocol and good practices, once the modifiable conditions which decrease the number of deaths due to this cause are recognized, mainly in the aged population as vulnerable group, from where the transcendency of its social medical impact would be derived . All this justifies the necessity to deepen in the main cognitive aspects related to this topic, since just having highly specialized working teams, it will be able to rise the assistance quality and, with that premise, the survival index of those who suffer from that type of bleedding caused by acid peptic disease.

The therapeutic effect of high-dose esomeprazole on stress ulcer bleeding in trauma patients / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>To compare the therapeutic effects of different doses of intravenous esomeprazole on treating trauma patients with stress ulcer bleeding.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 102 trauma patients with stress ulcer bleeding were randomly divided into 2 groups: 52 patients were assigned to the high-dose group who received 80 mg intravenous esomeprazole, and then 8 mg/h continuous infusion for 3 days; 50 patients were assigned to the conventional dose group who received 40 mg intravenous esomeprazole sodium once every 12 h for 72 h.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the conventional dose group, the total efficiency of the high-dose group and conventional dose group was 98.08% and 86.00%, respectively (p < 0.05), the hemostatic time was 22.10 h ± 5.18 h and 28.27 h ± 5.96 h, respectively (p < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both doses of intravenous esomeprazole have good hemostatic effects on stress ulcer bleeding in trauma patients. The high-dose esomeprazole is better for hemostasis.</p>

Helicobacter pylori Eradication within 120 Days Is Associated with Decreased Complicated Recurrent Peptic Ulcers in Peptic Ulcer Bleeding Patients

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The connection between Helicobacter pylori and complicated peptic ulcer disease in peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has not been established. In this study, we sought to determine whether delayed H. pylori eradication therapy in PUB patients increases complicated recurrent peptic ulcers. METHODS: We identified inpatient PUB patients using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We categorized patients into early (time lag < or =120 days after peptic ulcer diagnosis) and late H. pylori eradication therapy groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was used. The primary outcome was rehospitalization for patients with complicated recurrent peptic ulcers. RESULTS: Our data indicated that the late H. pylori eradication therapy group had a higher rate of complicated recurrent peptic ulcers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; p=0.006), with time lags of more than 120 days. However, our results indicated a similar risk of complicated recurrent peptic ulcers (HR, 1.20; p=0.275) in time lags of more than 1 year and (HR, 1.10; p=0.621) more than 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori eradication within 120 days was associated with decreased complicated recurrent peptic ulcers in patients with PUB. We recommend that H. pylori eradication should be conducted within 120 days in patients with PUB.

Life-threatening Duodenal Ulcer Bleeding from a Ruptured Gastroduodenal Artery Aneurysm in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 / 대한소화기학회지

Vasculopathy is rarely reported in neurofibromatosis type 1, but when it occurs it primarily involves the aorta and its main branches. Among vasculopathies, aneurysmal dilatation is the most common form. Although several case reports concerning aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms of visceral arteries in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients have been reported, there are no reports describing gastroduodenal artery aneurysms associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. We experienced a case of life-threatening duodenal ulcer bleeding from a ruptured gastroduodenal artery aneurysm associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. We treated our patient by transarterial embolization after initial endoscopic hemostasis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of its type. High levels of suspicion and prompt diagnosis are required to select appropriate treatment options for patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 experiencing upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Embolization of the involved arteries should be considered an essential treatment over endoscopic hemostasis alone to achieve complete hemostasis and to prevent rebleeding.

Diagnosis and Management of Peptic Ulcer Bleeding / 대한내과학회지

Despite the generally declining trend in the incidence of peptic ulcers, peptic ulcer bleeding remains a prevalent and clinically significant condition. Additionally, despite the development of therapeutic endoscopy and acid-suppressive therapy, the overall mortality associated with peptic ulcer bleeding has remained at about 6% to 14%. Management of acute peptic ulcer bleeding requires prompt resuscitation, risk assessment, early endoscopic evaluation, and early initiation of pharmacotherapy. Advances in therapeutic endoscopic techniques and antisecretory therapies in the past few decades have reduced the incidence of recurrent bleeding and the mortality rate associated with this disease. Strategies to prevent recurrence have been defined for various causes of peptic ulcer bleeding. This article reviews the current diagnosis and management of acute peptic ulcer bleeding.

Comparison between Endoscopic Therapy and Medical Therapy in Peptic Ulcer Patients with Adherent Clot: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Cohort Study / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The optimal management of bleeding peptic ulcer with adherent clot remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcome between endoscopic therapy and medical therapy. We also evaluated the risk factors of rebleeding in Forrest type IIB peptic ulcer. METHODS: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding registry data from 8 hospitals in Korea between February 2011 and December 2013 were reviewed and categorized according to the Forrest classification. Patients with acute UGI bleeding from peptic ulcer with adherent clots were enrolled. RESULTS: Among a total of 1,101 patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer bleeding, 126 bleedings (11.4%) were classified as Forrest type IIB. Of the 126 patients with adherent clots, 84 (66.7%) received endoscopic therapy and 42 (33.3%) were managed with medical therapy alone. The baseline characteristics of patients in two groups were similar except for higher Glasgow Blatchford Score and pre-endoscopic Rockall score in medical therapy group. Bleeding related mortality (1.2% vs. 10%; p=0.018) and all cause mortality (3.7% vs. 20.0%; p=0.005) were significantly lower in the endoscopic therapy group. However, there was no difference between endoscopic therapy and medical therapy regarding rebleeding (7.1% vs. 9.5%; p=0.641). In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors of rebleeding were previous medication with aspirin and/or NSAID (OR, 13.1; p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with Forrest type IIB peptic ulcer bleeding, endoscopic therapy was associated with a significant reduction in bleeding related mortality and all cause mortality compared with medical therapy alone. Important risk factor of rebleeding was use of aspirin and/or NSAID.